@Article{OliveiraEsMoCoSoLoAb:2020:SiMe,
               author = "Oliveira, Cesar Buchile Abud and Espejo, Teddy Modesto Surco and 
                         Moraes, Alison de Oliveira and Costa, Emanuel and Sousasantos, 
                         Jonas and Louren{\c{c}}o, Lu{\'{\i}}s Felipe Dias and Abdu, 
                         Mangalathayil Ali",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Tecnol{\'o}gico de Aeron{\'a}utica (ITA)} and 
                         {Pontif{\'{\i}}cia Universidade Cat{\'o}lica do Rio de Janeiro 
                         (PUC-Rio)} and {Instituto Tecnol{\'o}gico de Aeron{\'a}utica 
                         (ITA)} and {Pontif{\'{\i}}cia Universidade Cat{\'o}lica do Rio 
                         de Janeiro (PUC-Rio)} and {Instituto Tecnol{\'o}gico de 
                         Aeron{\'a}utica (ITA)} and Embraer and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Analysis of plasma bubble signatures in total electron content 
                         maps of the low-latitude ionosphere: a simplified methodology",
              journal = "Surveys in Geophysics",
                 year = "2020",
               volume = "41",
               number = "4",
                pages = "897--931",
                month = "July",
             keywords = "Low-latitude ionosphere, Equatorial ionosphere phenomenology, 
                         Equatorial plasma bubbles, Total electron content measurements, 
                         Ionospheric mapping.",
             abstract = "The ionosphere over the Brazilian region has particular 
                         characteristics due to the large geomagnetic declination angle 
                         over most of the territory. Furthermore, the equatorial ionization 
                         anomaly southern crest is located over the Brazilian territory. In 
                         this region, plasma irregularities may arise in the post-sunset 
                         hours. These ionospheric irregularities develop in the form of 
                         magnetic field-aligned plasma depletions, known as equatorial 
                         plasma bubbles, which may seriously affect radio signals that 
                         propagate through them. These irregularity structures can cause 
                         amplitude and phase scintillation of the propagating signals, 
                         thereby compromising the availability, performance, and integrity 
                         of satellite-based communication and navigation systems. 
                         Additionally, the total electron content (TEC) introduces 
                         propagation delays that can contribute to range measurement errors 
                         for global positioning system (GPS) users. The ionospheric 
                         characteristics change significantly according to the time of day, 
                         season, as well as the solar and geomagnetic activities, among 
                         other factors. Indeed, the ionosphere is one of the most 
                         significant sources of errors in the positioning and navigation 
                         systems based on the GPS satellites. Due to these features, there 
                         is a strong interest by the scientific community in better 
                         understanding and characterizing the ionospheric behavior. In this 
                         context, the TEC analysis has wide applicability for space plasma 
                         studies and is a well-established tool for investigating the 
                         ionospheric behavior and its potential impact on space-based 
                         navigation systems. One of the goals of these studies is the 
                         generation of TEC maps for a geographic region based on GPS 
                         observations. In the present work, some electrodynamic processes 
                         of the low-latitude ionosphere are reviewed and the TEC estimation 
                         based on GPS measurements is revisited in detail. A methodology 
                         aimed at creating the TEC maps is presented and validated by 
                         comparison with results from other geophysical instruments, such 
                         as all-sky imagers and ionosondes. Finally, examples of the 
                         ionospheric behavior displayed by TEC maps during equatorial 
                         plasma bubble events and a geomagnetic storm are fully described 
                         and discussed.",
                  doi = "10.1007/s10712-020-09584-7",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10712-020-09584-7",
                 issn = "0169-3298",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Oliveira2020_Article_AnalysisOfPlasmaBubbleSignatur.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}